Learning the rules for capitalizing proper nouns to make writing clear.
What if you wrote a letter to your friend 'ben' but he thought you were talking about a 'bin' where you throw trash? Using capital letters helps our readers know exactly who and what we are talking about!
Every person and pet has a special name that belongs only to them. These are called proper nouns. When we write a name, we always start with a capital letter. This shows that the name is important! For example, if you write about a 'dog,' you use a small letter. But if your dog's name is Buddy, you must use a big . This rule applies to your friends, your teachers, and even your favorite movie characters. Whether the name is at the start, middle, or end of a sentence, that first letter stays big!
Let's look at a sentence that needs help: 1. The sentence is: 'my cat whiskers is soft.' 2. First, capitalize the start: 'My cat...' 3. Next, find the pet's name: 'whiskers.' 4. Change the 'w' to a capital 'W'. 5. Correct sentence: 'My cat Whiskers is soft.'
Quick Check
Which of these is written correctly: 'my friend sam' or 'my friend Sam'?
Answer
my friend Sam
Just like people, specific places have special names. We call a general place a 'park' or a 'school,' and those use small letters. But when a place has a specific name, it needs a capital letter. If you go to Disney World or Central Park, you are visiting a special spot! This also includes the name of your town, like New York, or the name of your specific school, like Lincoln Elementary. If you can find it on a map or a sign, it usually needs a capital letter.
Let's fix a sentence about a trip: 1. Sentence: 'we went to miller park in chicago.' 2. Capitalize the first word: 'We...' 3. Find the name of the park: 'Miller Park.' 4. Find the name of the city: 'Chicago.' 5. Correct sentence: 'We went to Miller Park in Chicago.'
Quick Check
If you are writing about your school, 'Hilltop School,' which letters should be capitals?
Answer
The 'H' in Hilltop and the 'S' in School.
There is one tiny word that is very important: the word I. When you are talking about yourself, the word is always capitalized. It doesn't matter if it is at the beginning of a sentence or hiding in the middle. Think of it this way: you are a very important person, so you always get a big letter! For example: 'Today, went to the store.' or 'May have a cookie?' Never leave as a small letter when it stands alone.
Can you find all the errors here? 1. Sentence: 'last tuesday, i went to target with mom and dr. smith.' 2. Fix the start: 'Last...' 3. Fix the word for yourself: 'I...' 4. Fix the store name: 'Target...' 5. Fix the person's name: 'Dr. Smith.' 6. Correct sentence: 'Last Tuesday, I went to Target with Mom and Dr. Smith.'
Which sentence uses capital letters correctly for a person?
Which of these places needs a capital letter?
The word 'I' should be lowercase if it is in the middle of a sentence.
Review Tomorrow
Tomorrow morning, try to name three friends and two places you visit. Can you imagine how their names look with a big capital letter at the start?
Practice Activity
Write three sentences about your favorite pet or toy. Make sure their names and the word 'I' are all capitalized!